Dog breeds originating in Russia
I was fortunate to encounter a variety of beautiful canines with varying sizes and personalities on a daily basis while owning and operating a bustling dog shop. He was not one of the most popular dog varieties, but he was a beauty. He was one of my favorite regular customers. The large borzoi, one of the most elegant Russian dog varieties, required some time to warm up to me; however, once I had him on my side, he was incredibly sweet.
Many dog breeds from Russia, such as the borzoi, have ancient histories and are uncommon outside of their country of origin. In my 15 years of working with canines, I have only encountered a handful of Russian dog breeds. However, they are captivating to individuals who are interested in the heredity and evolution of dogs, such as myself, who are passionate about science and history. If you are equally captivated by these canines, be aware that a significant number of them continue to exhibit robust working instincts. This, in conjunction with their rarity, implies that not all of these breeds are the most suitable for first-time proprietors.
A history of Russian dog breeds
Russian dog breeds are multifaceted, with lengthy, complex, and, at times, tragic histories, similar to their homeland.
In the Russian region of the Altai Mountains, the earliest well-preserved remains of a “pet” dog were discovered, dated back 33,000 years. In addition, research indicates that medium-sized dogs were frequently employed as guards during the 10th to 14th centuries A.D., while the rarer small and large dogs were likely treasured possessions of affluent citizens.
The aristocracy continued to be associated with breeds such as the borzoi until the Russian Revolution, which commenced in 1917. Many purebred dogs with affluent owners associated with the monarchy were killed during that period, resulting in the near extinction of certain Russian dog breeds.
The role of dogs in Russia
Numerous Russian breeds are working canines that have developed over the course of thousands of years to endure the harsh conditions and subzero Siberian temperatures. They were frequently raised for military purposes or were loyal companions to indigenous peoples of the north. These robust, resilient breeds are known for their strong protective and hunting instincts. The development of industrial dog breeds remained the primary objective for a significant portion of the Soviet Era. The demand for canines that are suitable for apartments is currently increasing, which has resulted in the emergence of smaller breeds.
Black Russian terrier
Do not be deceived by the deceptive name: These courageous, brawny, and large-boned canines contain only approximately 15% to 30% terrier. The remaining dogs are a combination of types, such as Rottweiler and Newfoundland. The development of the Black Russian terrier (BRT) commenced in the 1930s at a clandestine government facility in Moscow. Their primary responsibility was to monitor the perimeters of military facilities, institutions, and borders. In the 1950s, their popularity as protective companion dogs increased as their working function was diminished. In 2004, Black Russian terriers were granted recognition by the American Kennel Club, despite their rarity outside of their homeland.
Canine behavior consultants and dog trainers, BRTs may exhibit a degree of aloofness toward strangers; however, this does not preclude them from becoming more gregarious through appropriate, early, and continuous socialization and training. “They are extremely intelligent, stubborn, and quick to learn.” However, they respond favorably to training that is conducted with respect and compassion.
Borzoi
The borzoi, a long-nosed breed that is also referred to as the Russian wolfhound, is a majestic and dignified dog. The Russian aristocracy has long been associated with these dogs. In the 13th century, the Grand Duke of Novgorod kept them for hare coursing, and the Romanovs used them to pursue wolves in extravagant festivals during their reign. While the Russian Revolution would have likely resulted in the breed’s extinction, it was rescued from the verge by dedicated breeders from abroad. This is a blessing for dog enthusiasts worldwide. “Borzois are polite, respectful, mellow, and calm,” according to Haussmann. “They also resemble mythical creatures.”
Borzoi, which translates to “fast” in archaic Russian, is a fitting moniker for one of the fastest dog breeds in the world. This, in conjunction with their natural wariness, emotional sensitivity, strength, and strong predation drive, can pose some challenges, particularly if they do not receive the necessary early socialization. “They can also be a bit flighty and skittish,” Haussmann adds. However, these dogs are affectionate couch junkies with a distinct “off” switch if their socialization is properly executed and they are provided with a secure environment to release their energy.
What are the considerations to consider prior to adopting a borzoi? According to Dimit, the breed’s deep thorax causes them to be susceptible to bloat [gastric torsion]. The risk of this life-threatening disease can be mitigated by minimizing anxiety during feeding times, using slow feeders, and feeding multiple small portions daily.
Caucasian shepherd dog
The colossal Caucasian shepherd dog was developed to safeguard livestock that roamed the Caucasus mountain range from predators. This ancient breed continues to operate in the same manner as its precursors. Haussmann asserts that these canines are fearless, bold, and heavy-boned. “They require the appropriate owner and residence.”
It is important to consider any space limitations. These canines have the potential to develop into furry giants, with a shoulder height of 23 to 30 inches and a weight of 99 to 170 pounds. This massive guarding breed is not the optimal choice for households with numerous visitors or those located in urban or bustling suburban areas, despite its relatively low energy level. Haussmann elucidates that their intelligence and independence can make them difficult to train. Additionally, they require ample space to roam, which necessitates a secure yard. It will be necessary to exert additional effort during the early stages of socialization and training to prevent the escalation of their protective inclinations into problematic behaviors.
Central Asian shepherd dog
The Central Asian shepherd dog, also referred to as the Alabay, is one of the most ancient breeds, with evidence of its existence extending back more than 5,000 years. It was primarily bred from indigenous canines. In other words, these dogs are not the outcome of breeders combining imported purebred canines from lineages that originated outside of central Europe. Turkmenistan has adopted the breed as a symbol of national heritage, despite the fact that these naturally selected canines originate from across Central Asia, rather than one specific country.
In the 1930s, the former Soviet Union developed and standardized a modern variant of the breed, which is sometimes referred to as the Central Asian ovcharka, to replace primitive dogs that are still employed by nomadic tribes as livestock guardians and protectors.
It is not surprising that this is another Russian dog breed that requires a specific, experienced household. The willful, independent nature of these large, powerful canines makes training a challenge, as they are fearlessly protective and possess an endless supply of stamina. They are also eager to fulfill their duties. The ownership of a Central Asian shepherd dog necessitates a spacious yard, a tranquil location, early socialization, and confident and respectful handling.
East European shepherd
Eastern European shepherds are relatively recent additions to the Russian dog breed roster. “They were bred in the 1920s to 1930s in the USSR, immediately before World War II, to adapt German shepherds and Malinois to colder, harsher conditions for military and guard purposes.” The males are considerably larger than the females, and they are also referred to as Vostochno Evropeiskaya ovcharkas. They are larger and thicker than Germany shepherds. The KGB (the former Russian secret police and intelligence agency) was renowned for employing only pure black canines in their operations, despite the fact that they are available in a variety of colors. Although they are prevalent in their native country, they are uncommon in the United States.
East European shepherds are intelligent, fearless, and composed canines, but they may exhibit aloofness toward strangers. They are well-suited to households that can provide suitable outlets for their inherent drives, as they have an endless supply of stamina and a strong desire to work. If you are a dog sports enthusiast, this breed of dog is likely to be an enthusiastic partner, as they often excel in obedience, agility, and other activities. They are also simple to train.
Moscow watchdog
The Moscow watchdog is an additional contemporary Russian dog type that was developed subsequent to World War II. “The USSR Department of the Military originally bred these dogs, and the Russian government continues to operate a breeding center to this day. Saint Bernards, Caucasian shepherd dogs, and Russian hounds were crossed to produce these large, cold-tolerant security dogs.
Although they are recognized for their gentler dispositions than Caucasian shepherd dogs, their size and guarding instincts necessitate that owners invest in puppy training to prevent these strong, assertive dogs from developing problem behaviors as they mature. However, this is not a concern for the majority of Americans. They are prevalent within Russia but uncommon outside of it, with only a few dozen canines currently residing in the United States. However, you may not be able to bring one of these stunning objects into your home in the near future; however, you can surely admire them from a distance.
Russkaya tsvetnaya bolonka
By now, you may have observed a consistent theme in this list: large Russian canines with working origins. In the 1950s, a group of devotees in Leningrad endeavored to alter the trend in Russian breeds by creating the Russkaya tsvetnaya bolonka, a small, fluffy, and friendly dog that translates to “Russian colored Lapdog.”
The bolonka could be an excellent addition to your family if you work from home in an apartment. This affectionate dog breed is eager to please, intelligent, and sweet. It enjoys the companionship of others. Nevertheless, Haussmann cautions that “they can be extremely sensitive to environmental changes and barky.” Therefore, it is crucial to provide early socialization and training in order to prevent disturbance complaints from the neighbors. You will also want to associate hygiene with positive experiences, as you will be dedicating a significant amount of time to brushing the long coat.
Russian spaniel
There are similarities between the Russian spaniel and its English cocker spaniel and springer spaniel relatives. These puppies have been employed by hunters since the late 19th century, making them another relatively recent addition to the Russian dog breed list. These puppies are benevolent with their smiles and tail wags, and they are cheerful, loving, and full of energy. Haussmann asserts that these canines are amenable to children and can serve as excellent family pets, provided that the owner maintains an active lifestyle. “If it is raining, you will always have to go for a walk,” he remarks.
Despite the fact that all dogs possess exceptional senses of scent, Russian spaniels are so captivated by their noses that it will be necessary to exert a significant amount of effort to train a dependable recall, particularly in the presence of small furries. Fortunately, Haussmann reports that these canines are obedient and effortless to train.
Finding a reputable breeder may prove to be a daunting task, as Russian spaniels are exceedingly uncommon in the United States. If you are drawn to this breed, you may want to consider an English cocker spaniel as an alternative.
Russian toy
In its native country, the Russian toy is a relatively recent addition to the market, and it was only recognized by the American Kennel Club in 2022. It was a lap dog that was favored by the 18th-century Russian aristocracy, despite being one of the smallest dog varieties in the world.
Haussmann compares these canines to Chihuahuas, but asserts that they are more sociable, outgoing, and simpler to train. Although they may be adaptable and pocket-sized, they still require an abundance of enrichment. They are intelligent, affectionate, and prefer to remain in close proximity to their human family. We understand your desire to adopt one of these adorable creatures; however, there are a few factors that you should be cognizant of: Initially, it is imperative that you do not leave this diminutive dog unattended in your yard, particularly in a rural setting. “This dog is the size of a rabbit, and birds of prey will dispatch it quite rapidly,” Haussmann asserts.
Samoyed
The “smiling” Sammie is among the most renowned and favored dog varieties in Russia. Initially, the seminomadic Samoyed people bred them to serve as watchdogs, capture reindeer, and provide warmth for their families during periods of cold weather. The breed’s function transitioned from hunting to reindeer herding and sled hauling as people’s livelihoods evolved.
These medium-sized, fluffy, white dogs are social butterflies with gentle spirits. He explains that they are the perfect choice for families who have the time and space to accommodate the dog’s exercise and play requirements. However, they are not suitable for all individuals. Haussmann asserts that the Samoyed’s remarkable beauty and friendliness make it effortless to fall in love with them.”Then, when you have a Samoyed puppy who is a fireball of energy, jumpy, gregarious, stump-headed, pulling, and leaving hair everywhere, it can be overwhelming.”
To avoid being pulled by these strong, enthusiastic canines, you will need to focus on leash training. Additionally, it is important to mention that they are averse to prolonged periods of isolation and may exhibit destructive behavior and bark when they are bored or apprehensive.